Table 1

Followership typologies

AuthorFollower typeMethod of classification (where each axis runs low–high)
Zaleznik16 Withdrawn, masochistic, compulsive, impulsiveControlling behaviour towards leader versus level of engagement
Kelley17 Alienated, passive (sheep), conformist (yes people), pragmatist, exemplary (star)Independent critical thinking versus level of engagement
Chaleff18 Resource, individualist, implementor, partner, diehardSupport the leader versus challenge the leader
Kellerman19 Isolate, bystander, participant, activist, diehardLevel of engagement
Rosenbach et al 20 Subordinate, politician, contributor, partnerRelationship initiative towards leader versus performance initiative