Implications for physician leadership development
| Individuals aspiring to leadership and management positions | Leadership development programmes |
| Engage in self-reflection around the qualities necessary to develop a focus on learning. | Support a growth mindset through establishing psychological safety and a learning orientation. |
| Ground management practices in medicine through clinical knowledge and clarity of purpose. | Facilitate clarity of purpose and help physician leaders develop the wisdom and tools to engage others in healthcare improvement. |
| Work with others by ‘working the system’ or ‘working with the system’ (dependent on one’s level of authority) through teaming. | Help participants to practise addressing actual challenges in changing team constellations. |
| Become systems catalysts and use oneself as a learning tool. | Help participants develop a systems perspective through observations, identification of interdependencies and analysis of situations through the lens of different parties and provide training in how to engage others in multistakeholder change processes. |
| Cultivate a scientific mindset that guides the analysis of problems and the measurement of progress. | Link a scientific mindset to organisational improvement efforts by requiring that projects be anchored in evidence and use data to inform decisions and learning. |