Significant differences in skills and actions of effective clinical nursing leaders based on gender (n=296)
| Skills | Male nurses (n=87) Mean (SD) | Female nurses (n=209) Mean (SD) | T-test* | P value |
| Be able to work within the team. | 3.90 (0.99) | 4.20 (0.99) | −1.925 | 0.021 |
| Be visible in the clinical environment. | 3.70 (1.04) | 4.07 (0.95) | −2.97 | 0.004 |
| Recognise optimal performance and express appreciation promptly. | 3.93 (0.92) | 4.13 (0.98) | −1.60 | 0.042 |
| Actions | ||||
| Influence the way clinical care is delivered. | 3.78 (0.98) | 4.09 (0.97) | −2.61 | 0.010 |
| Participate in staff development education. | 3.83 (1.00) | 4.15 (0.89) | −2.75 | 0.006 |
| Provide valuable staff support. | 3.88 (0.89) | 4.12 (0.89) | −2.14 | 0.033 |
| Lead change and service improvement. | 3.87 (1.05) | 4.16 (0.83) | −2.24 | 0.014 |
| Encourage and lead service improvement. | 3.76 (1.06) | 4.06 (0.96) | −2.36 | 0.019 |
*Equal variance is not assumed.