Ourian et al10 | 2011 | Undergraduate students considering a career in surgery | Survey | To examine the impact of outreach at the undergraduate level in the form of a course hosted by surgeons (50% women surgeons) influence on women’s interest in medicine and surgery | Thirteen (100%) of the participants, 11 (85%) women found the outreach programme reaffirmed their decision to attend medical school and interest in surgery |
Gifford et al11 | 2014 | Surgical residents in 13 programmes | Survey | To determine how often surgical residents consider leaving the programme | Women residents are more likely to consider leaving (OR 1.2; 95%; p=0.003) |
Vertrees et al12 | 2014 | Graduates from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences | Survey | To determine if there are disparities among civilian and non-civilian women entering surgery and surgical subspecialties | Women in military medical programmes enter surgical training at the same rates as civilian programmes with an increase in rates (3.9% to 39% p=0.025) |
Nebeker et al13 | 2017 | MSU Goal Consortium | Quantitative research | To identify gender differences in surgical residency | Greater impact is year of residency with first year residents leaning towards attitudinal learning objectives and later years choosing knowledge-based and skill-based learning objectives. Residents taught by women surgeons leaned towards knowledge based objectives over skill based. |
Luc et al14 | 2017 | Medical and surgical residents | Quantitative survey | To identify the role of social media as a mentoring tool for women in surgery | Surgical residents identified using social media to build a network of mentors (p=0.031). |
Fassiotto et al15 | 2018 | Graduate Medical Evaluation | Quantitative survey | To determine the difference if any in evaluation scores for women and men faculty | Women scored lower across the board for specialties with fewer women such as surgery (p≤0.001) |