Footnotes

• Twitter @MPStandish

• Contributors All authors listed on this manuscript meet ICMJE authorship credit requirements. In addition to this, the authors contributed to the following. MPS is the lead author responsible for content on leadership research, recommendations and formatting manuscript for submission. JLA was responsible for generating content on the current state of physician leadership development practices and relevant research. RA helped in providing subject matter expertise and additional content related to the leadership science components of this paper.

• Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

• Competing interests None declared.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.